handling of community-based flood

Across Indonesia, recorded 5590 the parent river and 600 of them potentially cause flooding. Flood-prone areas covered by these rivers reach the parent 1.4 million hectares. From various studies have been conducted, the flooding-prone regions, basically due to three things. First, human activities are causing changes in the spatial occurrence and impact on natural changes.

Second, natural events such as very high rainfall, rising sea levels, storms, and sebagainya.1 Third, environmental degradation such as loss of ground cover plants in catchment areas, siltation of rivers due to sedimentation, the narrowing of the river and so on.

Flooding not only causes the rice fields were flooded and so can not be harvested and devastated housing and settlements, but also damage facilities social services and community economic public infrastructure, and even casualties.

Greater losses if the disruption of economic activity and government, even cessation. Although community participation in order to control flooding is very real. especially in emergency response activities, but the flooding causing additional financial burden countries, mainly to rehabilitate and restore damaged public parasana function.

The occurrence of a series of floods in a relatively short time and be repeated every year, demands for greater efforts to anticipate it, so the loss can be minimized.

Government efforts that are structural (structural approach), was not fully able to address the problem of flooding in Indonesia. Flood prevention, has been more focused on providing the physical building of flood control to reduce the impact of disasters.

In addition, although the non-physical policy - which generally includes participation society - in the response to flooding has been made, but not implemented properly, does not even fit the needs of society, so that its effectiveness is questionable.

Sectoral policies, centralized, and top-down without involving the community already not in accordance with the global developments that require decentralization, democracy, and participation of stakeholders, especially communities affected disaster.

The question is who is called society? How far can people participate? And at the stage where the public can participate? 

The answers to these questions, should be considered in formulate and implement policies of community participation in flood mitigation. Policy mistakes caused the various interests of the individual / group is more dominant, then the policy used for the benefit of a negative.

As a result policies established ineffective, even canceled. Thus,flood prevention are just mere physical development (structural approach), should be synergized with the construction of non-physical (non-structural approach), which provide more space for the emergence of community participation, so the result is more optimal. From the above, flood prevention policy that is physical, must be balanced with measures of non-physical, so the role of the community and other stakeholders were given the appropriate place.

In order for flood prevention is more integrative and effective, it is necessary not only coordination at the implementation level, but also at the level of policy planning, including community participation and other stakeholders. Based on the consideration that, as an institution which was assigned to coordinate the planning of development, National Development Planning Agency examines a comprehensive flood prevention policy and unbiased sectors and regions, with emphasis on community participation in flood mitigation.

source picture: beritadaerah.com

Spatial Structure

Definition of the structure of space

Space structure is the arrangement of residential centers, network systems and infrastructure systems and facilities. All this serves as a support socio-economic activities that are functionally related hierarchy. Is a form of structural layout and space utilization patterns either planned or not. Utilization of space is a form of structural arrangement of the constituent elements of the natural environmental setting, social environment, and the artificial environment that is hierarchical and structurally related to each other to form layout.

The elements that form the structure of urban space (Sinulingga, 2005: 97, ie

1. A collection of services including trade, governance, financial groups tend distributed in service stations.

2. Collection of secondary industry (manufacturing) warehousing and wholesale trade tend to congregate in one place.

3. Neighborhood as a place of residence of the man and the green open spaces.
4. Transportation network linking the three places above.
The shape and structure of the model space

Shape the structure of urban space when viewed from the service center (retail) is divided into three, namely (Sinulingga, 2005:103-105)

1. Monocentric city

Monocentric city is a city that has not been growing rapidly, its population has not been much, and only have one service center that also functions as the CBD (Central Bussines District).

2. Polycentric City

Development of the city resulted in service by a service center is not efficient anymore. The cities are getting bigger need more than one service centers whose number depends on the number of city dwellers. CBD service functions taken over by the new service center, called sub-center (regional center) part of the city. Meanwhile, the CBD gradually changed from the center of retail services (retail) to complex commercial office activities which may include the power range of services rather than the city area alone, but the area around the city which is also called the city's sphere of influence.

CBD and several sub-center or center part of the city (regional centers) will shape the city into a polycentric city, or tend to like multiple nuclei city consisting of:

a. CBD, namely the old downtown office complex that has become

b. Inner suburbs (areas around the CBD), which is part of the city that had been served by the city CBD underdeveloped and after developing some still served by the CBD but some are served by the sub-center

c. Sub-center, which is the central service which later grew with the development of

d. Outer suburbs (suburbs), namely the reduction of the expansionist activities of the city and is served entirely by sub-center

e. Urban fringe (areas of the city limits), the suburbs are gradually does not show the shape of the city again, but leads to a form of rural (rural area)

3. Cities metropolitan

A large metropolitan city is a city surrounded by suburbs that separated far enough with the urban fringe of the city, but all of them forming an integrated system in metropolitan service area population.

The model structure of space when seen by the center - the center of his ministry include:

1. Mono centered

Consists of one central and several sub-centers are not interconnected between the sub-center is the one with the other sub-centers.

2. Multi-nodal

Consists of one central and several sub-centers and sub-sub-centers that are connected to each other. Sub-sub-center in addition to connecting directly to the sub-center is also connected directly to the center.

3. Multi-centered

Consists of several centers and sub centers which are connected to each other.

4. Non-centered

In this model there is no central node as well as sub-center. All nodes have the same hierarchy and are connected between each other.

Model Structure of Space

Sources: Sinulingga 2005

In addition, some authors have also made structural typology as the following figure:

Typology of Space Structures

Sources: Wiegen (2005)

Understanding the central and sub-urban service centers

The city center is the center of all activities of the city including political, social, cultural, economic, and technological. When viewed from the function, the center of town is the central place that acts as a central service for those areas in belakngnya, supply it with goods and services to, these services can be arranged in order of ascending and descending thresholds depending on the demand for goods . The city center is divided into two parts:

1. The very core (The Heart of the area) is called RBD (Retail Business District)

Dominant activity in this section include department stores, smartshop, office building, clubs, hotels, Headquarter of economic, civic, political.

2. Welcome section called WBD (Whole Business District) which is occupied by buildings that cater to economic activity in large numbers, among others, market and warehousing.

Meanwhile, according to Arthur and Simon (1973), the center is the spatial and administrative center of its territory that has some characteristics, namely

1. The city center is a place from generation to generation witnessed the changes of time.

2. The city center is where the vitality of the town to obtain food and energy, with the spread of activity centers such as government, the location for the town hall, large shops, and cinemas.

3. The city center is a place where people go to work, the place where they "go out".

4. The city center is the center terminal of the network, railways, and public transportation.

5. The city center is an area where we find the course of business, government offices, services, warehouses and processing industries, employment centers, metropolitan economic area.

6. The city center is a major income tax, although small but the value of existing buildings in the city center is a large proportion of all the whole town, because the center has the necessary infrastructure for economic growth.

7. The city center is an administrative function centers and wholesale trade, contains a series of retail shops, professional offices, service companies, movie theaters, branches of banks and stock exchanges. Self-sufficiency in a small town, this area also provides a large trading facility includes administrative centers and transportation required.

While understanding the service sub-center of town is a center that provides services to residents and the activities of most areas of the city, where he has a hierarchy, function, scale, and lower service area of ​​the city center, but higher than the environmental center.

Factors emergence of service centers

The factors that led to a service center, which is

1. Location Factor

Strategic location of an area that causes an area can become a service center.

2. Resource Availability Factor

Availability of resources can lead to a region at the center of service.

3. Agglomeration Strength

Strength of agglomeration occurs because there is something similar to encourage economic activity clustered in sutu locations because of an advantage, which in turn will lead to the emergence of centers of activity.

4. Factors Government Investment

These three factors above lead to the emergence of the service centers scientifically, while government investment factor is something that deliberately (Artificial).

Urban development and spatial structure

The development of urban areas is a process of urban change in state from a state to another in a different time. Highlights changes in circumstances are usually based on different time and space to analyze the same. According JHGoode in Daldjoeni (1996: 87), urban development is seen as a function of the factors of population, control equipment or the environment, technological advances and progress in social organization.

Meanwhile, according to Bintarto (1989), development of the city can be seen from the aspect of zones within urban areas. In this concept Bintarto describes the development of the city seen from the use of land that make up specific zones within the urban space while according to Branch (1995), the shape of the city as a whole reflects the geographical position and characteristics of the place. Branch also noted examples of urban development patterns on flat terrain in the form of illustration such as:

a) topography,

b) buildings,

c) transportation routes,

d) open space,

e) the density of buildings,

f) the local climate,

g) vegetation cover and

h) the aesthetic quality.

Schematically Branch, described the six patterns of urban development, as follows:

General Pattern of Urban Development

Sources: Branch, 1996

Based on the morphological appearance of the city and the type of deployment of the existing urban area, Hudson in Jonah (1999), suggests several alternative models of urban form. Broadly speaking there are 7 (seven) pieces of the suggested model form, that is;

(A) the form of satellite and new centers (satellite and neighborhood plans), the main town with small towns will be intertwined relationship of functional linkage of effective and efficient;

(B) the form of stellar or radial (stellar radial or plans), each tongue shaped activity center that serves both provide services in urban areas and that juts into the plan as a green line and serves as the lungs of the city, a place of recreation and sport center for urban dwellers;

(C) form a ring (or ring linear circuit plans), the town developed along the main roads that circle, in the middle of the area preserved as open green areas;

(D) a linear form beaded (bealded linear plans), smaller urban centers grew on either side of the main urban centers, urban growth is limited only along the main road, the pattern is generally linear, alongside a road usually occupied by commercial buildings and occupied residential areas behind ;

(E) form the core / compact (the compact cores or plans), development of the city is usually dominated by developments thus enabling the creation of vertical concentration of many buildings on a small area;

(F) the form of scattered (dispersed city plans), in the unity of a large and compact morphology there are several urban centers, where each center has a group of special functions and different from each other; and

(G) form an underground city (under ground city plans), urban structures constructed below the earth's surface so that the morphologic appearance can not be observed on the surface of the earth, in the area it serves as a green belt or agricultural areas that remain green.

shape of the city: a satellite, the city star, ring, linear, radiating, compact and underground

Some Alternative Forms of Cities

(Source: Hudson, 1999)

peta kawasan strategis kabupaten jeneponto

Strategic area is an area that has potential as well as specific issues that need priority handling are sectoral and spatial structure, because it has an important impact on efforts to achieve regional development goals within the province.

Spatial planning based on strategic value of the area consists of the national strategic spatial planning area, the provincial strategic spatial planning areas, and strategic areas of spatial districts / cities. Determination of a strategic area at every level of administrative regions based on a very important influence on state sovereignty, defense, security, economic, social, cultural, and / or the environment, including areas designated as world heritage. Influence aspects of state sovereignty, defense, and security is intended for the determination of national strategic area, while those relating to economic, social, cultural, and environmental, which may apply to the determination of strategic areas of national, provincial and regency / municipality, measured by the approach externality, accountability, and efficiency of handling the region concerned.

Determination of Policy and Strategy Strategic Area

1. Strategic area is determined based on the priority level handling, with classifications based on the aspects of defense and security, economic, social, cultural, economic, and environmental.
- Preservation and improvement of functions and the carrying capacity of the environment to maintain and improve the balance of ecosystems, conserve biodiversity, maintain and improve the function of protection of the region, preserve the uniqueness of the landscape, and preserve cultural heritage Papuans.
Strategy
1. establish a strategic area of national and provincial strategic function protected;
2. prevent the utilization of space in national and provincial strategic areas that have the potential to reduce the function of protected areas, except to accommodate the existence of indigenous people and activities that historically has existed in the region tsb.
3. restrict the use of space around the national and provincial strategic areas that have the potential to reduce the function of protected areas;
4. restrict the development of infrastructure and facilities in and around the national and provincial strategic areas that can trigger the development of cultivation activities;
5. develop cultivation activities did not wake up in the vicinity of national strategic area that serves as a buffer zone that separates the protected area with cultivation area awoke;
6. protected function rehabilitating areas declining due to the impact of the growing use of space within and around the strategic areas of national and provincial levels

JALUR PEDESTRIAN UNTUK KENYAMANAN PEJALAN KAKI

PENDAHULUAN Jalur pedestrian merupakan wadah atau ruang untuk kegiatan pejalan kaki melakukan aktivitas dan untuk memberikan pelayanan kepada pejalan kaki sehingga dapat meningkatkan kelancaran, keamanan, dan kenyamanan bagi pejalan kaki. Serta jalur pedestrian merupakan suatu wadah yang tidak nyata akan tetapi dapat dirasakan manusia. Jalur pedestrian merupakan suatu ruang publik dimana pada jalur tersebut juga terjadi interaksi sosial antar masyarakat. Terkadang dalam suatu perancangan kota, jalur pedestrian tersebut terlupakan untuk dirancang agar memberikan kenyamanan bagi para penggunanya. Contohnya, jalur pedestrian yang dipenuhi oleh pedagang kaki lima walau bukan berarti pedagang kaki lima tersebut harus disingkirkan; ketinggian trotoar yang tidak sama sehingga menyulitkan pejalan kaki yang naik turun, dan sebagainya. Padahal jalur pedestrian memiliki fungsi utama yaitu menampung segala aktivitas pejalan kaki dan faktor elemen pendukung yang dapat mempengaruhi kenyamanan pedestrian, antara lain : keadaan fisik, sitting group, vegetasi atau pohon peneduh, lampu penerangan, petunjuk arah dan yang lainnya. Jalur pedestrian yang fungsional memiliki faktor pendukung yang membentuknya, antara lain : dimensi atau faktor fisik ( yang meliputi panjang, lebar, dan ketinggian dari area pedestrian itu sendiri ), aksesibilitas pedestrian, pelaku atau pengguna, frekuensi aktivitas yang terjadi, hubungan dengan lingkungan sekitarnya ( kawasan permukiman, perkantoran, perdagangan, dan magnet kota yang mendukung terjadinya interaksi sosial ). Disamping hal tersebut terdapat pula faktor psikis, antara lain keamanan ( sampai sejauh mana jalur pedestrian tersebut memberikan rasa aman bagi penggunanya, baik rasa aman dari jalan maupun dari pedestrian itu sendiri ), kenyamanan ( apakah jalur pedestrian tersebut telah memberikan kenyamanan bagi penggunanya serta apakah faktor – faktor yang mendukung kenyamanan telah terpenuhi seperti : suasana dan kesan, sirkulasi yang tercipta apakah telah memenuhi standart kenyamanan, elemen pendukung yang lengkap). PENGERTIAN PEDESTRIAN Pedestrian berasal dari bahasa Yunani, dimana berasal dari kata pedos yang berarti kaki, sehingga pedestrian dapat diartikan sebagi pejalan kaki atau orang yang berjalan kaki, sedangkan jalan merupakan media diatas bumi yang memudahkan manusia dalam tujuan berjalan, Maka pedestrian dalam hal ini memiliki arti pergerakan atau perpindahan orang atau manusia dari satu tempat sebagai titik tolak ke tempat lain sebagai tujuan dengan menggunakan moda jalan kaki. Atau secara harfiah, pedestrian berarti “ person walking in the street “, yang berarti orang yang berjalan di jalan. Namun jalur pedestrian dalam konteks perkotaan biasanya dimaksudkan sebagai ruang khusus untuk pejalan kaki yang berfungsi sebagai sarana pencapaian yang dapat melindungi pejalan kaki dari bahaya yang datang dari kendaraan bermotor. Di Indonesia lebih dikenal sebagai trotoar, yang berarti jalur jalan kecil selebar 1,5 sampai 2 meter atau lebih memanjang sepanjang jalan umum. Berikut merupakan beberapa tinjauan dan pengertian dasar mengenai pedestrian, yaitu : Menurut John Fruin ( 1979 ) Berjalan kaki merupakan alat untuk pergerakan internal kota, satu – satunya alat untuk memenuhi kebutuhan interaksi tatap muka yang ada didalam aktivitas komersial dan kultural di lingkungan kehidupan kota. Berjalan kaki merupakan alat penghubung antara moda – moda angkutan yang lain. Menurut Amos Rapoport ( 1977 ) Dilihat dari kecepatannya moda jalan kaki memiliki kelebihan yakni kecepatan rendah sehingga menguntungkan karena dapat mengamati lingkungan sekitar dan mengamati objek secara detail serta mudah menyadari lingkungan sekitarnya Menurut Giovany Gideon ( 1977 ) Berjalan kaki merupakan sarana transportasi yang menghubungkan an-tara fungsi kawasan satu dengan yang lain terutama kawasan perdagangan, kawasan budaya, dan kawasan permukiman, dengan berjalan kaki menjadikan suatu kota menjadi lebih manusiawi. Dengan demikian jalur pedestrian merupakan sebuah sarana untuk melakukan kegiatan, terutama untuk melakukan aktivitas di kawasan perdagangan dimana pejalan kaki memerlukan ruang yang cukup untuk dapat melihat-lihat, sebelum menentukan untuk memasuki salah satu pertokoan di kawasan perdagangan tersebut. Namun disadari pula bahwa moda ini memiliki keterbatasan juga, karena kurang dapat untuk melakukan perjalanan jarak jauh, peka terhadap gangguan alam, serta hambatan yang diakibatkan oleh lalu lintas kendaraan. Jalur pedestrian ini juga merupakan elemen penting dalam perancangan kota, karena tidak lagi berorientasi pada keindahan semata, akan tetapi juga pada masalah kenyamanan dengan didukung oleh kegiatan pedagang eceran yang dapat memperkuat kehidupan ruang kota yang ada. Sistem jalur pedestrian yang baik akan mengurangi keterikatan terhadap kendaraan di kawasan pusat kota, meningkatkan penggunaan pejalan kaki, mempertinggi kualitas lingkungan melalui sistem perancangan yang manusiawi, menciptakan kegiatan pedagang kaki lima yang lebih banyak dan akhirnya akan membantu kualitas udara di kawasan tersebut. Jalur pedestrian selalu memiliki fasilitas-fasilitas didalamnya. Fasilitas jalur pedestrian dapat dibedakan berdasarkan pada letak dan jenis kegiatan yang dilayani, yaitu fasilitas jalur pedestrian yang terlindung dan fasilitas jalur pedestrian yang terbuka. Fasilitas Jalur Pedestrian yang terlindung, dibedakan menjadi dua yaitu : 1. Fasilitas jalur pedestrian yang terlindung di dalam bangunan, misalnya : - Fasilitas jalur pedestrian arah vertikal, yaitu fasilitas jalur pedestrian yang menghubungkan lantai bawah dan lantai diatasnya dalam bangunan atau gedung bertingkat, seperti tangga, ramps, dan sebagainya - Fasilitas jalur pedestrian arah horizontal, seperti koridor, hall, dan sebagainya. 2. Fasilitas Jalur Pedestrian yang terlindung di luar bangunan, misalnya: - Arcade, yaitu merupakan selasar yang terbentuk oleh sederetan kolom-kolom yang menyangga atap yang berbentuk lengkungan-lengkungan busur dapat merupakan bagian luar dari bangunan atau berdiri sendiri. - Gallery, yaitu lorong yang lebar, umumnya terdapat pada lantai teratas. - Covered Walk atau selasar, yaitu merupakan fasilitas pedestrian yang pada umumnya terdapat di rumah sakit atau asrama yang menghubungkan bagian bangunan yang satu dengan bangunan yang lainnya. - Shopping mall, merupakan fasilitas pedestrian yang sangat luas yang terletak di dalam bangunan dimana orang berlalu-lalang sambil berbelanja langsung di tempat itu. Fasilitas jalur pedestrian yang tidak terlindung / terbuka, yang terdiri dari : 1. Trotoir / sidewalk, yaitu fasilitas jalur pedestrian dengan lantai perkerasan yang terletak di kanan-kiri fasilitas jalan kendaraan bermotor. 2. Foot path / jalan setapak, yaitu fasilitas jalur pedestrian seperti gang-gang di lingkungan permukiman kampung. 3. Plaza, yaitu tempat terbuka dengan lantai perkerasan, berfungsi sebagai pengikat massa bangunan, dapat pula sebagai pengikat-pengikat kegiatan. 4. Pedestrian mall, yaitu jalur pedestrian yang cukup luas, disamping digunakan untuk sirkulasi pejalan kaki juga dapat dimanfaatkan untuk kontak komunikasi atau interaksi sosial. 5. Zebra cross, yaitu fasilitas jalur pedestrian sebagai fasilitas untuk menyeberang jalan kendaraan bermotor. Permasalahan yang utama dalam perancangan kota adalah menjaga keseimbangan antara penggunaan jalur pedestrian dan fasilitas kendaraan bermotor. Sebagai contoh : The Uptown Pedestrian yang didesain oleh City of Charlotte, North Carolina, membagi permasalahan area pedestrian dalam 3 kelompok : function and needs, psychological comfort, physical comfort. (Charlotte, 1978 ). Hal ini juga diutarakan oleh Hamid Shirvani ( 1985 ) , menurutnya dalam merencanakan sebuah jalur pedestrian menurut perlu mempertimbangkan adanya : - keseimbangan interaksi antara pejalan kaki dan kendaraan - faktor keamanan, ruang yang cukup bagi pejalan kaki - fasilitas yang menawarkan kesenangan sepanjang area pedestrian - dan tersedianya fasilitas publik yang menyatu dan menjadi elemen penunjang.

Aksesibilitas bangunan gedung kabupaten ogan ilir Sumsel

Persyaratan kemudahan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 16 ayat (1) meliputi kemudahan hubungan ke, dari dan di dalam bangunan gedung, serta kelengkapan prasarana dan sarana dalam pemanfaatan bangunan gedung.
Kemudahan hubungan ke, dari dan di dalam bangunan gedung sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) meliputi tersedianya aksesibilitas yang mudah, nyaman dan aman yang berupa jalan masuk, jalan keluar, hubungan horisontal antar ruang dan hubungan vertikal di dalam bangunan gedung, kebutuhan sarana transportasi vertikal untuk bangunan-bangunan umum, serta penyediaan akses evakuasi pengguna bangunan gedung dalam keadaan darurat, termasuk penyediaan fasilitas bagi penyandang cacat.
Kelengkapan prasarana dan sarana sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) meliputi ketentuan tentang penyediaan fasilitas parkir, toilet umum, ruang ganti bayi, dan tempat sampah dan ruang ibadah bagi bangunan gedung untuk kepentingan umum.

Kemudahan hubungan horisontal antar ruang dalam bangunan gedung sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 27 ayat (2) merupakan keharusan bangunan gedung untuk menyediakan pintu dan atau koridor antar ruang.
Penyediaan mengenai jumlah, ukuran dan konstruksi teknis pintu dan koridor disesuaikan dengan fungsi ruang bangunan gedung.
Ketentuan lebih lanjut mengenai kemudahan hubungan horisontal antar ruang dalam bangunan gedung diatur dengan Peraturan Pemerintah.
Pasal 29
Kemudahan hubungan vertikal dalam bangunan gedung, termasuk sarana transportasi vertikal sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 27 ayat (2) merupakan penyediaan tangga, ramp, dan sejenisnya serta lif dan atau tangga berjalan dalam bangunan gedung.
Bangunan gedung yang bertingkat harus menyediakan tangga yang menghubungkan lantai satu dengan lainnya dengan mempertimbangkan kemudahan, keamanan, keselamatan dan kesehatan pengguna.
Bangunan gedung dengan fungsi parkir harus menyediakan ramp dengan kemiringan tertentu dan atau sarana akses vertikal lainnya dengan mempertimbangkan kemudahan dan keamanan pengguna sesuai standar teknis yang berlaku.
Bangunan gedung dengan jumlah lantai diatas 5 lantai harus dilengkapi dengan sarana transportasi vertikal yang dipasang sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan fungsi bangunan gedung.
Ketentuan lebih lanjut mengenai kemudahan hubungan vertikal dalam bangunan gedung diatur dengan Peraturan Pemerintah.

Penyediaan akses evakuasi dalam keadaan darurat sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 27 ayat (2) merupakan keharusan untuk bangunan gedung, kecuali rumah tinggal, untuk
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menyediakan jalur dan pintu keluar darurat dan sistem peringatan bahaya bagi pengguna apabila terjadi bencana kebakaran dan atau bencana lainnya.

Penyediaan akses evakuasi sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) harus dapat dicapai dengan mudah dan dilengkapi dengan penunjuk arah yang jelas.
Ketentuan lebih lanjut mengenai penyediaan akses evakuasi diatur dengan Peraturan Pemerintah.

Penyediaan fasilitas dan aksesibilitas bagi penyandang cacat dan lanjut usia sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 27 ayat (2) merupakan keharusan bagi semua bangunan gedung, kecuali bangunan gedung rumah tinggal.
Fasilitas bagi penyandang cacat sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (1), termasuk penyediaan fasilitas aksesibilitas dan fasilitas lainnya dalam bangunan gedung dan lingkungannya.
Ketentuan lebih lanjut mengenai penyediaan aksesibilitas bagi penyandang cacat dan lanjut usia diatur dengan Peraturan Pemerintah.

Kelengkapan prasarana dan sarana sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 27 ayat (3) merupakan keharusan bagi semua bangunan gedung untuk kepentingan umum.
Ketentuan lebih lanjut mengenai kelengkapan prasarana dan sarana diatur dengan Peraturan Pemerintah.