waste management in urban areas

• Garbage → result of human activity in urban → tremendous pressure on the environment → accumulate if not transported, water bodies
• Trash is secured at the landfill, was not able to secure the surrounding environment due to poor management (Open Dumping).

ISSUES

1. Waste dumped in landfill 60-70% → easy to decompose organic matter;
2. Leachate → value of BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand Biological Oxygen = Needs) to reach thousands and even tens of thousands of ppm, heavy metals;
3. Decomposition process occurring in the landfill is anaerobic, thus forming harmful gases such as methane, H2S, mercaptan and other gases that can cause fires

Non Technical Issues:

1. Limited land;
2. Hygiene problems have not been the priority in the region;
3. Hygiene problem is a shared responsibility between government and society;
4. Law and legislation has not been implemented or enforced.

Waste Minimization

Efforts to reduce the volume, concentration, toxicity, and hazard level of waste from production processes → by way of reduction at source and / or utilization of waste.

Can provide economic benefits, among others:

a. Reducing the cost of transportation to final disposal;

b. Reducing the cost of final disposal;

c. Increasing revenue from the sale and use of waste.

HANDLING WASTE 3-R

Waste handling 3-R is a concept for dealing with waste in a way: reduce / reduce (R1), reuse / re-use (R2), and recycle / recycling (R3)

starting from the source

nutrients (nitrogen and phosphate)

• N-Nitrate and Nitrite N-N-artificial fertilizers.
• N-Phospate household detergent.
• N and P food, etc.
• Phospate organic chemical reactions (40%) and Dissolved Orthophospate (60%).
• Total Nitrogen Organic Nitrogen (60-65%), Ammonia (35-40%), Nitrate and Nitrite Nitrogen.
• Nitrogen and high levels of lead Phospate Phytoplankton growth (algae) that excessive that a lake can be eutrophication.

Negative Aspects of Eutropikasi

• Fish die due to potential fluctuations Oxygen levels : 1) 0 ² = 5 mg / l, fish go from there.;2) 0 ² = 2 mg / l, fish die (turn into an anaerobic environment).
• The occurrence of odor problems at night.
• Ecosystem becomes unstable.

PATHOGENIC

In developing countries there are about ± 80% of the disease be transmitted through the medium of water. It is caused by several bacteria viruses and protozoa such as:

• Coliform Faecel
• Vibrio cholerae
• Hepatitis A
• Giardia lamblia

According to research there are various types of microbial pathogens in wastewater, for example:

• 10 types of viruses, eg, viral hepatitis A virus and adenovirus
• 8 types of bacteria, eg, bacteria E-coli and bacterium vibrio cholerae
• 3 types of protozoa, eg, protozoa Entamoeba histolytica
• 8 types of worms, eg, worms Fasciola hepatica

. INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATER

• Some types of pollutants that can be derived from Industrial Waste Water, as follows:
• Heavy metal (steel plant)
• Detergent (Textil Factory
• Pathogens, viruses (Hospital)
• Pesticides, Insecticides (Chemical Plant, Food, Textile)