ZONING REGULATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SPATIAL SYSTEM IN INDONESIA

DEFINITIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS.

Zoning regulation

1. ZONE IS AREA which has functions and characteristics of specific environmental
2. Zoning IS DIVISION city neighborhoods into zones and space utilization CONTROL SET / enact laws that vary (Barnett, 1982: 60-61; So, 1979:251).
3. Zoning Regulation IS Provisions governing ZONE CLASSIFICATION, further regulation of the UTILIZATION OF LAND, and development EXECUTION PROCEDURE.

CHARACTERISTICS

- A zone has a UNIFORM RULES (land use, intensity, mass of the building).- One zone with other zones and can DIFFERENT SIZE RULE.- In some countries the zoning is known in different terms:

1. land development code,
2. zoning code,
3. zoning Ordinance,
4. zoning resolution,
5. zoning by-law,
6. urban code,
7. panning act, etc. 

MAIN PURPOSE

1. ENSURE that the development will be implemented to achieve LOCAL MINIMUM QUALITY STANDARDS (health, safety and welfare)
2. Protect or ensure that DOES NOT UNDERMINE THE NEW DEVELOPMENT occupants or the utilization of existing space
3. Maintaining PROPERTY VALUE
4. Maintain / establish and preserve their quality ENVIRONMENT
5. Provide a uniform in EVERY RULE ZONE

".. Reduce traffic congestion; ensure safety from fire; panic and other dangers; promote health and general welfare; provide adequate light and air; prevent overcrowding; avoid excessive concentration of population; provide transportation facilities, clean water, the channel disposal, schools, parks, and other public goods "NOTES :Zoning must be made COMPATIBLE with Spatial and reasoned consideration / REASONABLE ' (Eg regional character, suitability to a particular land use, conservation value of the building, and encouraging the most appropriate land use). 

BENEFITS

1. MINIMIZE use NOT SUITABLE LAND
2. Improve service to the nature PUBLIC FACILITIES
3. MAINTAINING BALANCE community life
4. ECONOMIC development MENDORONGAN

EXCESS

The existence of certainty (certainty), predictability, Legitimacy, accountability 

WEAKNESSES

No one can foresee the circumstances in the future in detail, so many requests REZONING (therefore, the amendment of zoning regulation to be important)

5 patial factors applied areas within a framework of analysis and economic theory

I have discussed about  he spatial factors applied areas within a framework of analysis and economic theory., where there are five factors include

The second, is related to the concept introduced in the territory of theoretical analysis. region in this case defined as the spatial sub-system of national economic system. with the concept of the region has encouraged the preparation of spatial development plans and regional development and measurement of economic activity. several criteria have been developed to determine the limits of an area of development (development region), although it is recognized that this is not an easy thing. for easy determination of boundaries of development in general is still in use determination of boundaries of development in general, he used the administrative territorial units (the government).
The third issue is to analyze the interactions among regions. can distinguish two forms of interaction between regions is 1, the current movement of production factors and 2, the exchange of commodities. explanation of why the current movement of factors of production and exchange of commodities and how they affect economic activity of a region considered to be a central point in the study of the economic problems of the region (regional).

The fourth is the question of optimum analysis or balance among regions. optimum condition is always associated with the goals and objectives to be achieved as the optimal allocation of resources (Pareto optimum allocation of resources) or minimization of certain inputs. some questions raised in this connection to them is about the selection of optimal location for economic activities vary. specialization of production conducted in optimal regions and commodities exchanges also conducted optimally between areas. can finally be said that the analysis was viewed as a discussion of the optimum and the implications of the objectives that have been determined.

fifth, that is related to policy issue areas. regional economic policy is intended as the activities that try to pay attention and take into account the effect of economic behavior in a spatial environment. trying to control the region's economic policies and control structures and economic processes in the sub-national economic system.

some questions can be raised whether such objectives of the policy area? how the policy objectives diinterealisasi region with national policy objectives and so forth. events that occurred in the past has made it clear that market forces are not able to fully create the similarity of national income.

movement of production factors can lead to imbalance and the areas that are less developed will suffer losses due to flight of capital and migration to the outer region. agglomeration benefits can provide a boost for the region is relatively less affluent to develop more forward again. to create harmony between the regions required appropriate regional economic policy. if at first attention to the problem of economic development is directed at the growth of income levels, but now tend to study the distribution of results due to economic developments both sectorally and geographically. thus the role of each region in the development and economy are becoming apparent, in addition to visits of importance to the growth of each region, but also show the role of each region, but also show its role on the national economy as a whole. thoughts as stated above has prompted the emergence of new economic discipline of economic development. study - a study and the deliberations of a very broad field of territorial aspects.

STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL

1. INTERNAL environment is the factors that can affect the internal environment of an organization which can generally be managed for the benefit of the organization, which includes the weaknesses and strengths of the organization.

2. External environment is the external factors that can affect the level of organizational performance and generally can not be managed or controlled by the organization, including the opportunities and challenges of the organization.

A. INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

Strength: HR (number and quality) is adequate, a high-society work motivation, mastery of science and technology is adequate, inadequate law enforcement, adequate infrastructure and facilities, adequate information systems, adequate financing capability, the potential natural resources, location area strategic, institutional (rules) the government a clear, public institutional support.

Weaknesses: human resources (quantity and quality) are not adequate, low work motivation society, inadequate mastery of science and technology, law enforcement is low, infrastructure and facilities are not adequate, inadequate information systems, financing ability is very low, SDA less potential, location is not strategic, institutional (rules) that do not clear the government, weak institutional community

B. EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

Opportunity: The free market makes us free to sell our products and services from anywhere;

Opportunities to increase exports of agricultural commodities due to dollar exchange rate increased;

Skilled manpower in the area have opportunities in other regions;

Capital resources outside the region can be absorbed to develop an investment;

Network access business information is open to be utilized;

National business climate is quite conducive.

B. EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

Challenges: Competitors growing much, so the competition becomes more intense in both the domestic and export markets, capital flows out easily society, foreign workers enter the job market in the country / region, western cultural values are negative, the implementation of decentralization is not exactly cause inefficient service and ineffective, the national business climate is not conducive.

STRATEGY FORMULATION BASED ON SWOT ANALYSIS

Formulation of a strategy with a SWOT analysis (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat) is considered the most effective because it attempts: Using the power to take advantage of opportunities; Overcome weaknesses to take advantage of existing opportunities; Using the strength to face the threat; Overcome weaknesses to deal with threats.

Development in a specific community level is implemented by all stakeholders in government and private sectors and communities according to their duties and functions of each. The implementation of such development will only be optimal if all stakeholders have a clear vision which refers to the overall vision of regional development. Therefore, it will need a program coordination of activities among all stakeholders at both national and local levels.

Analysis of program planning and policy development

in the development process of a region, state, province or district, a plan is very important. The plan will determine the direction and level of success of a development objective. in accordance with the development of the era and the development of the science of planning, a plan change from time to time. Development planning so far only refers to the trend of the past and is considered influential factors constant. Plan together with the prediction of the future in a linear fashion, according to past trends. The fact planning model thus no longer realistic because of the development of the strategic environment is very dynamic. Need Strategic Planning; question is How to phrase Strategic Plan?

CHANGES IN PLANNING MODEL

Changes in the development paradigm, including the paradigm of public service requires a change of Planning Macroeconomic Model of Sectoral Planning to Strategic Planning

1. Macro Model of Sectoral Planning: Oriented growth with long-term goals are translated into the medium-term targets and short-term Main features: centralized and sectoral oriented, is not sensitive to the dynamics of the environment, equipment and quantitative targets, difficult and costly oversight, accountability in the achievement of quantitative targets .

. 2. Strategic Planning Model: Based on Strategic Environmental Analysis, oriented to the development community (Community Base Development); The main feature is the decentralized and community-oriented, sensitive to the dynamics of the environment, Target moving (Moving Target) and qualitative, relatively easy oversight, accountability to the process which refers to the Vision and Mission

Strategic Planning: The process of intentionally bringing organizational resources, opportunities and threat environment with the objective to be achieved organization planned strategy to increase effectiveness of the achievement of organizational goals Intentional or not, all organizations have a strategy. There's intended strategy and realized strategy.

spatial factors applied areas within the framework of analysis and economic theory.

in the study of regional development, the role of spatial regions in terms of historical development has undergone a change and growth. some cases of spatial (spatial region) can be expressed as the concentration of industrial activities (agglomeration) and urbanization to the big cities, the establishment of markets and new centers that lead to changes in the sphere of influence or area of service (marketing), between the town and rural areas there is an increasingly close relationship, are complementary to each other, and perhaps also necessary to improve the division of development (development region) as a whole. the cases above are topics that are important and interesting discussion of attention because it has a fundamental influence on the arrangement and use of landscape areas, both regionally and nationally.

in economic analysis, spatial factor and distance factor in the beginning is secondary or implicitly compared to the time element. attention to the discussion of issues lokasional and spatial dimensions become more prominent, especially since some eight decades ago (1930s) that the time coincided with the emergence of ideas that focus on spatial planning areas - regions.

dimensions of geography and economic landscape is included as an important additional variable into the framework of development theory. with such fundamental questions in economic analysis (classical and liberal) who ranged in commodities "what" that diprodusir (what to Produce), "how to" produce it (how to Produce) and "for whom" the commodity produced (for whom to Produce), still must be added again to the question "where" the production is done (Nowhere to Produce). this means that the spatial dimension of the region has given an important color into economic analysis.

symptoms economy will become more clear and evident when the spatial factors applied areas within a framework of analysis and economic theory. explicit consideration of the importance of spatial dimension in development planning region can be expressed through five main regional economic issues. The first, is related to the determination of the economic landscape that is about the spread of economic activities in the landscape areas - regions. in this connection several important questions can be raised, for example, what factors affect the determination of the location of each individual activity? how to explain the spread of agricultural production activities located in a vast expanse of land? What characteristics of rural and urban archipelago? there is strong correlation between the placement of business (industry / factories, enterprises, infrastructure and facilities development, public service facilities) with the selection of spatial location proper region, then this error can be corrected by relocating but this required a huge cost and time long.

strategic planning process

DEFINITIONS / OPERATIONAL DEFINITION
A. Strategic Plan
Process-oriented outcome to be achieved during the period of 1 to 5 years by considering strategic environmental developments.
B. V I S I
Foresight about the ideal conditions that dicita2kan by certain community groups (share Vision), have measurable indicators, making clear where the organization will be taken.
C. M I S I
Something that should be borne by the agency, according to the vision set forth for purposes of the organization can be implemented and managed properly.
D. PURPOSE
Elaboration / implementation of the mission. Something that would be achieved in a period of 1 to 5 years
E. TARGET
Elaboration of measurable goals to be achieved substantially by the agency within a specified period (annual, quarterly or monthly)
F. P R O G R A M
Kegiatan2 collection of real, systematic and integrated executed by one or several work units of government and society to achieve the goals and objectives.
PLANNING DOCUMENT STRUCTURE RELATIONSHIP IN INDONESIA

National Long Term Development Plan and Regional
1. RPJPN
2. RPJPD
. Medium Term Development Plan
1. RPJMN
2. RPJMD
. Strategic Plan for all stakeholders
1. Government, Private, and Community

VISION AND PLANNING Strategic

Walt Disney: If you dream it cans, cans you make it.

Peter Drucker: The question facing the strategic planning is not what should be done tomorrow, but what should be done today to face the uncertainties of tomorrow

STRATEGY is the most effective way and efficient way to achieve the goals and objectives according to the vision and mission of the organization, which reflects the main activities / projects that will be done. Containing elements: plan, activity, direction of activities and results of activities. The result of the strategic planning process.

vision is a picture of the future that you want to accomplish. desired condition is the goal of an activity from the development plan or a program. vision is very important in providing direction in determining a clearer purpose. purpose of development will be achieved and measurable if the vision which is set clear and reasonable. other than that the vision should be an innovation which is expected to more ideal conditions than current conditions. in achieving the goals of this vision, there must be a strategy to achieve it.