SYSTEMS APPROACH IN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

Management of natural resources and environment are things that contain a lot of challenges.This includes land resources, water, air, vegetation, and energy very owe influence of human activities and attitudes. A fundamental problem is that each component of the interconnected environment and can generate events that are not desired. For example, river water pollution associated with wastewater output related to various factors, such as sources of waste, waste characteristics, accumulated waste, waste handling process, method and location of disposal, transportation of waste in river flow, and the influence of waste on aquatic biota, and water use by human.

In general, each component can be analyzed separately, but the actual river water pollution problems are the result of interaction and collective influence of a system of wastewater pollution.

Environmental problems, if examined in the system will provide many uses.Problematic can be calculated by the totality of which the most effective control work can be found. In the example of pollution of the river waters, a systems approach will be able to produce a combination of source reduction of waste, methods of handling, and disposal sites more effective and allow lower costs through improved handling of it. A consequence of the systems perspective on environmental quality is likely to widen the application of alternative control strategies and opportunities for efficient and integrated managerial

Concept Systems

1. Models and Usability

General Systems Model :

1. Standard Work
2. Decisions and the Environment
3. Environment
4. Stage and Step System Approach

Model :

Is a simplification of something that represents a number of objects or activities (entity):

Model Types:

1. Physical Models: representation of three-dimensional form,
2. Model Narrative: representation orally or in writing,
3. Model Graphs: representation in the form of lines, symbols / shapes, 
4. Mathematical Models: The description in the form of mathematical formulas or equations.

Purpose Model

1. Facilitate understanding: Because of the simplification problem
2. Facilitated communication: It can communicate information quickly and accurately, 
3. Estimating future: mathematical models, although not 100% accurate, can be used to make predictions

General System Model

1. Physical systems: material flow, personnel flow, the flow engine, the flow of money
2. Conceptual System: The system is open loop, closed loop systems, management control, information processing, the dimensions of information (relevance, accuracy, timeliness, completeness), the standard, critical success factors, the decision flow.

Objectives and Performance Standards

Meet customer needs : Achieve annual sales volume of at least 25 million dollars, Maintain 20% market share.
Produce return on investment (ROI) for the owners: pay dividends to shareholders every quarter, Maintaining the company's stock price above 85 dollars per share.

Environmental

1. Placing the General System Model In Context
2. Problem Solving,
3. Decision Making and Problem Solving,
4. The Elements of Problem Solving Process: Problems, Standards (desired condition), Information (current state), Alternative Solution, Problem, Solving Problems and Solutions Manager,
5. Problems vs. Symptoms
6. Structure Issues: Structured Problem, Not Structured and Semi-Structured

Stage and Step System Approach

Preparation of Business: Looking to the company as a system, Recognizing environmental systems, subsystems Identify company.

Definition of Business: Moving from the level of the system into subsystems, analyze the system in a particular order (described on back)

Business Solution: To identify alternative solutions, evaluate alternative solutions, Selecting the best solution (Analysis, Assessment and Bargain), Implement best solution, make a follow up to ensure that it is an effective solution.

Analysis System Parts

1. Evaluating Standards: Officially, Realistic, Understood and Measured Comparing with Standard Output System.
2. Management Evaluation.
3. Evaluating Information Processing.
4. Evaluating Input and Input Resources.
5. evaluate the Transformation Process.
6. Evaluating Output Resources

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• Traffic movement (solid line, less  TDM, etc.)
• Accident (people, vehicles, other materials)
• Peak-hour crowding on public transport (beyond capacity, LOS)
• Off-peak inadequacy of public transport (insufficiency)
• Difficulties for pedestrians (design, physical limitations of users, the K5)
• Environmental impact (pollution, waste energy, etc.)
• Difficulties Parking (on street parking)
• Etc ...

How to deal with transportation issues? How is the strategy?

• Understand the level of increased problems of transportation systems (partial or simultaneously; region> city > zone);
• Understand how physical characteristics of the region or city;
• Knowing the level of development activity (land use) and urban areas (historical form);
• Knowing the amount of city size (area and population > carrying capacity);
• Understanding the socio-cultural characteristics and economic society (urban areas or zones);
• The availability of resources and allocation of infrastructure financing;
• Understand the regulations related to urban development;
• Short term and long term planning strategy;
• Etc.. > frame of mind of the transportation system studies.