land use management

Stewardship land is a term used to refer to a branch of social policy that uses a variety of science to manage and regulate land use to run efficiently and ethically.

Many definitions are being developed to define the land use management, including the Canadian Institute of Planners defines that: "Planning [land use management] is a scientific approach, aesthetics, and regulation of land use, resources, facilities and services to ensure the efficiency of physical, economic and social development and health and welfare of urban and rural communities.

Ground water

Ground water is water contained in soil or rock layer below the soil surface. Ground water is one of the water resources are relatively limited and the damage can lead to high impact and recovery difficult.

In addition to river water and rain water, ground water also has a very important role especially in maintaining the balance and availability of raw material water for household purposes (domestic) or for industrial purposes. In some areas, dependence on clean water supplies and ground water has reached ± 70%.

Damage to water sources

Damage to water resources can not be separated from damage such as damage to surrounding land, vegetation and population pressures. These three issues are interrelated in affecting the availability of water resources.

This state of affairs of course need to be observed at an early stage, so as not to cause damage to groundwater in surrounding areas. Several factors are causing the problems are:

1. Rapid industrial growth in an area along with residential growth will lead to the tendency of increase in demand for ground water.
2. Use a variety of water so different in interests, purposes and how to obtain sources of water.
3. Need to change the attitude of most people who tend to be wasteful in water use traditional as well as neglecting the element of conservation.

Public Participation and Awareness Campaign in the Waste Water Management

The problem of environmental pollution has become a problem of governments, both national and local government. Even the Central Government considers that prevention of domestic waste water is not the responsibility of local governments, but also the responsibility of the relevant community.From year to year budget of the central and local government always rose steadily in the handling of this waste water, but without intervention and community participation in part to handle the distribution, processing and disposal of waste water in the cities, the pollution problem will not be resolved.

Increased community participation is necessary to remember the population of a city is very heterogeneous both in terms of ethnicity, religion, socio-cultural or socio-economics, so this tends to cause insecurity, especially in social discipline. For the role of society can be realized in a real, there should be efforts to raise motivation, ability, opportunity and explore and develop resources that exist in society, so people are willing to participate in the prevention of environmental pollution problems.

Concept of Regional Development in Development Planning

The concept of developing the area was developed from the needs of an area to improve the function and its role in managing the social, economic, cultural, education and welfare of the community. The influence of globalization, free markets and regionalization leads to changes and spatial dynamics, social, and economic inter-state, inter-regional (district), to rural districts.

Globalization is also marked by the revolution in information technology, transportation and management. The revolution has caused the boundary between urban and rural areas is unclear, the polarization of regional development, the formation of world cities (global cities), city system on an international scale, the formation of inter-state development area (transborder regions), as well as the formation of regional development corridors both local scale , national, regional and international.

In the Asia globalization has created a very significant development polarization in the form megaurban region that occurred in metropolitan cities along the east coast of Tokyo, Seoul, Shanghai, Taipei, Hong Kong, Guangzhou, Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur, Singapore, Jakarta, Surabaya, Bandung Up . In the scale of convergence between countries occurred in the Bohai (China - Korea), Hong Kong-Guangzhou, and Sijori (Singapore-Johor-Riau). In Indonesia polarization centered along Sumetera (Medan, Palembang), and Java (Jakarta-Bandung-Semarang-Surabaya).

Mega-urban corridor is very influential on economic growth, especially the area surrounding district and surrounding villages that have economic relations and the market is quite strong.

But change is not matched by the provision of facilities and infrastructure are inadequate due to limited areas of government. Therefore, private parties and other institutions to participate in development.

Various impacts on the causes of economic globalization on local development simply as follows:

1. Changing the orientation of development which must be based on improving individual, group and community empowerment in the face of global competition, thus enabling people to survive (survive), to develop themselves and improve welfare.

2. Increasingly important role of non-governmental institutions such as, the private sector, communities, and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in implementation of development and financing

3. The increase in urbanization in the suburbs than in the big city itself. This is in line with the concept developed by Mc. Gee in the 1980s. Boundary between urban and rural areas become less clear due to economic growth, where urban activities have been mingled with the intensity of the movement of rural areas with investment, economic and population increases.

On the basis of the description above, the development of the region is an important part of the development of a region, especially in rural areas are extremely vulnerable and facing severe global-scale changes. This change, if not supported by a good regional planning taking into account the internal aspects, social and economic growth will result in progressively increasing the villages left behind.

Paradigm shift needs to be done in restructuring the areas categorized poor and weak to be able to improve competitiveness, production management and locally based appropriate technology that can affect other areas of reciprocity. In simple terms the concept of regional development needs to be done in rural planning to encourage local economic growth and strengthen communities in the bottom layer can affect the market for a sustainable manner.

Planning System in Indonesia

Planning System in Indonesia. In general, divided by 2, namely:

1. National Development Planning System (SPPN)

As stated in Law No. 25 of 2004 concerning National Development Planning System, development planning consists of:

1. Long-Term Development Plan (RPJP)

2. Medium Term Development Plan (Development Plan) and

3. Government Work Plan (RKP).

RPJP serve as guidelines in preparing the Development Plan for later elaborated in the RKP.

Under the national plan for all sectors, in this case institutions and ministries (K / L), prepare a Strategic Plan of the Ministry / Agency (Strategic Plan of K / L) are guided to the Development Plan and Work Plan of the Ministry / Agency (Renja K / L) are guided by RKP. This development plan and then serve as guidelines in preparing the State Budget (APBN).

The pattern of regional development planning exactly the same as the pattern of national development planning, where the National RPJP RPJP referred by the Regional, National Development Plan be considered by the Regional Development Plan and Regional RKP RKP harmonize with through consultation on development planning (musrenbang). This regional development plan to guide the preparation of the Regional Budget (APBD).

2. Spatial planning system (DSS)

Spatial planning system in Indonesia, referring to Law No. 26 of 2007 on Spatial Planning. In the Act known four hierarchical spatial planning, namely:

1. Spatial Planning (RTRW) National,

2. RTRW Island,

3. RTRW Province,

4. RTRW District.

National spatial planning became a reference in preparing RTRW Island. Guidelines for the preparation of spatial planning into spatial planning Island Province which is then guided further by the district / city. Compared with the previous system (Law No. 24 of 1992), the new spatial planning system opens opportunities to develop spatial plans that are general or specific in each hierarchy of planning.

Another innovation that was adopted in the new system is the application of Zone Settings (Zoning Regulations) as an instrument of implementation of the master plan. Instrument settings for this zone contains specific spatial rules binding for each region with a specific function within a planning area.

To strengthen the control of space utilization, the new system to impose sanctions for violations of spatial planning not only to the recipient subject to license the use of space but also to the giver permission space utilization.

NEED FOR A NEW APPROACH

In many countries, soils are being used with an increasing intensity to meet the needs of growing populations. Higher demands for food and increasing material expectations call for the optimization of the use of available natural resources and a more even distribution of wealth. The two major factors in this regard are land and people, the former because it is finite and the latter because their demands for land are increasing .

The relationships between land and population have an impact not only on food production and malnutrition, but also on competition for land, mismanagement and environmental degradation, mass migration and political conflicts. These issues are symptoms of a fundamental problem, ie, conflict resolution mechanisms are not coping with technologic advances and increasing population .

Over the past 20 years, FAO has prepared guidelines for land use planning [nd has gained experience in the identification of physical land constraints and remedial land interventions , the management of problem soils  and data collection/ retrieval for land evaluation and land use purposes. In the process, data collection and interpretation has advanced beyond the narrow bounds of soil science, focusing on the broader land requirements of specific crops and cropping systems.