Spatial data formats

In GIS, spatial data can be represented in two formats, namely:

1. vektor
In vector format data, our earth is represented as a mosaic of the line (arc / line), polygons (area bounded by the line that starts and ends at the same point), point / point (nodes that have a label), and nodes (A point of intersection between two lines).
The main advantage of vector data format is the accuracy in representing point features, boundaries and straight lines.This is very useful for analysis that requires precision positioning, for example at the boundaries of cadastral database.Examples of other uses is to define the spatial relationship of some features.The main drawback of vector data is its inability to accommodate a gradual change.

2. raster
Raster data (or also called grid cells) is the data generated from remote sensing systems.In raster data, geographic object is represented as a grid cell structure called a pixel (picture element).In raster data, resolution (visual definition) depends on its pixel size.
In other words, pixel resolution describes the actual size of the earth's surface represented by each pixel in the image.The smaller the size of the Earth's surface is represented by a single cell, the higher the resolution.
Raster data is very good to represent the boundaries change gradually, such as soil type, soil moisture, vegetation, soil temperature, etc..The main limitation is the large size of the raster data file; the higher the resolution of its grid, the greater the file size.

Each format has its advantages and disadvantages of data.Selection of data format used depends on the intended use, the available data volume of data generated, the desired accuracy, and ease of analysis.Vector data is relatively more economical in terms of file size and precision in the location, but very difficult to use in computational mathematics.In contrast, raster data file storage space usually requires a larger and less precise location, but it is mathematically easier to use.