WISDOM LOCAL, LOCAL KNOWLEDGE AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION

Natural resources (land and sea) is an asset that plays an important role in the survival of a society both from the aspect of economic, social, legal and political. Natural resources consist of natural resources who can be renewed, such as forests, fisheries, etc., and natural sources that can not be updated, such as oil, coal, natural gas, and others. From the point of consumption of natural resources that can not be renewed must be managed and used wisely. Therefore, in the Constitution of 1945 Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution, which reads, "Earth, water and natural resources contained therein is controlled by the state and used to for the greater prosperity of the people". In its management, among countries with local communities so many conflicts occur, which usually begins with the activity of exploitation and environmental degradation, such as the depletion of forests, destruction of marine commodities due to bombing by the fishermen, and others. Reciprocal relationship between humans and the environment is closely related to the development of a region where everything is done to the environment will influence behind the ecology around them which could mean positive and negative depending on how management is done to maintain the ecological balance. Humans have a responsibility and a major influence on changes in the surrounding environment.

In line with the sustainable management of natural resources is important to be able to develop a style and lifestyle in harmony with the carrying capacity of nature. In this connection the development of technologies that match the needs to absorb energy and increase the carrying capacity of nature to be important.  

The problem is that the international community to develop a capital-intensive technology and labor-saving developed countries in accordance with the conditions which gave birth to many innovations and new technologies. Conversely State third world countries lack the capital and the opportunity to disseminate the technology more harmonious with the environment homeland. Besides, the state of the world competition and the pressure of time encouraging people to pay attention to technology. 

Developments and advances in technology over time is to influence changes and community growth, urbanization, agriculture, economic, social, cultural, and others can not be separated from the growth of cultures within the scope of a State. 

Ecologically, the environment is seen as a system consisting of subsystem-system. In human ecology is also one of the subsystems within ecosystems. Thus man is one of them kesatuanterpadu intertwined with the environment and a functional relationship in such a way. In the functional relationship of man and the environment are interdependent and mutually influence that will eventually affect the ecosystem as a whole. 

o achieve harmony, harmony, and balance is needed between the subsystems of the ecosystem in an integrated management system. As an ecosystem, the environment has a social, cultural, economic and geographic diversity in style and carrying capacity of the different political development especially in developing countries are more focused on economic growth to pursue welfare of the people often bring problems in the field of environment. Environmental problems usually stem from the urge to take advantage of continuous and excessive natural resources without regard to the carrying capacity of these natural resources. To pursue prosperity, natural resources is seen as factors of production to achieve economic development goals, without regard to its impact.
  This final end of nature in Indonesia undergone many changes in the environment, many calamities such as floods, landslides, animals that attack humans. If the environment is today compared with 20 years ago, there is a very lame, which was once the change of environmental changes such as urban and rural increasingly crowded and dirty, motor vehicles and causing more pollution, more narrow and barren forests, hills also less shade, more hot dry season and rainy season occurs in massive floods. 

Many people claim that the natural essences of environmental damage as far as humans are associated with the activities of modern capitalist industry. Competition in the industry's insistence that the principles of capitalism gave birth to a variety of actions that are out of control in the utilization or processing of natural resources for the needs of industry and in the application of industrial technologies that do not take into consideration the natural conditions. Application of advanced technologies in the industry enables the processing of natural resources in a rapid and extensive. Thus the acceleration occurs in the process of capital accumulation and consumption. This is the logic of capitalism. But that logic comes down tragically on accelerating the tempo of life in total. Capitalism does create material abundance, but behind it there is abundance heavy burden borne by the earth, the ecological damage, which in the long run lead to ecological destruction, and ultimately the destruction of man himself.  

There are two factors happen-dinya environmental degradation, the first cause of the indirect and the second cause of which is direct. Indirect factor is a cause that is very dominant against environmental damage, while a straightforward, limited to the act of government, businesses and locals who exploit the forest / environment excessive pressure needs. The following factors causing indirect. 1. Added Population. Population continues to grow each year requires the provision of a number of requirements for "food, clothing and shelter (house)". Meanwhile, the space where the human face of the earth for a living is not expanding. Expansion of the business field, which in turn leads to excessive exploitation of the environment and or illegal. 2 Government Policy. Some  

government policies that impact negatively on LH. Since 1970, Indonesia's development focused on industrial development based on agricultural development which underpins the industry. New Order government's desire at that time who immediately wanted to make Indonesia as the industrialized countries, has led the poor majority of the population (especially those that do not have enough land) only to be "spectators" of development. Even some of their loss of livelihood as farm laborers and fishermen due to the inclusion of technology in agriculture and fisheries. They are forced to work the land because the country illegally in the coastal areas up to the mountains.